Kuhlelo lwemishini yesiqandisi yezentengiselwano, ii-condenseringenye yezingxenye eziyinhloko zesiqandisi, enquma ukusebenza kahle kwesiqandisi kanye nokuzinza kwemishini. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko uyisiqandisi, futhi isimiso simi kanje: siguqula umhwamuko wefriji oshisa kakhulu kanye nomfutho ophezulu wengcindezi okhishwe yi-compressor ube uketshezi oluphakathi lokushisa kanye nokucindezela okuphezulu ngokushintshaniswa kokushisa, ukubeka isisekelo sokumuncwa okulandelayo kokushisa kanye ne-vaporization yesiqandisi esiqandisini ukuze sifinyelele isiqandisi esibandayo nesiqandisi. Izinhlobo ezivamile zama-condensers zihlanganisaama-fin-tube condenser, ama-condenser we-wire-tube, nama-tube-sheet condenser.
Ezitolo ezinkulu eYurophu naseMelika, umphumela wesiqandisi, izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamandla, kanye nempilo yesevisi yazo zonke izinto zokusebenza zesiqandisi, kusukela emakhabetheni afakwe esiqandisini neziqandisi kuya endaweni yokugcina ebandayo enkulu, kuhlobene ngokuqondile nokusebenza kwama-condenser. Uma izinkinga ezinjengokungasebenzi kahle kokukhipha ukushisa okwanele, ukukala, noma ukuvinjwa kwenzeka kuma-condensers, ngeke nje kuholele ekwehleni komthamo wesiqandisi wemishini kanye nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwamakhabethe, okuthinta izinga lokulondolozwa kokusha, kodwa futhi kwandise umthwalo wokusebenza we-compressor, kukhulise kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, futhi kufinyeze impilo yonke yesevisi yemishini.
Ama-Condensers anezinhlobonhlobo zezimo zohlelo lokusebenza futhi asetshenziswa kakhulu emishinini emikhulu yesiqandisi efanaiziqandisi zetafula, amakhabethe ka-ayisikhilimu, abenzi beqhwa, amakhabethe okubonisa isiphuzo esime mpo esiqandisini ezitolo ezinkulu, amakhabethe amakhekhe, amakhabethe kabhiya, neziqandisi zasendlini,ukudlala indima ebalulekile ekulondolozeni ukusha kanye nesiqandisi.
1. Ama-Fin-Tube Condensers: Inketho Evamile Yokuqeda Ukushisa Okuphumelelayo
Ii-fin-tube condenseringenye yezinhlobo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zama-condensers. Isakhiwo sawo esiyinhloko siqukethe amashubhu ethusi (noma amashubhu e-aluminium) nama-fins ensimbi. Ngokungeza amaphiko aminyene endaweni yangaphandle yamashubhu ensimbi abushelelezi, indawo yokukhipha ukushisa iyanda kakhulu, futhi ukusebenza kahle kokushintshanisa ukushisa kuyathuthukiswa.
Ngokuphathelene nezici zesakhiwo, into efingqiwe ngokuvamile iyi-aluminium, kanti ezinye izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu zisebenzisa amaphiko ethusi. Amaphiko e-aluminium abe yinsakavukela umchilo wesidwaba ngenxa yezinzuzo zawo zezindleko eziphansi nesisindo esincane. Izindlela zokuxhuma phakathi kwama-fin namashubhu ethusi ikakhulukazi zihlanganisa indlela yokucindezela i-fin, indlela yokugoqa, kanyeindlela ye-fin-rolling. Phakathi kwazo, indlela ye-fin-rolling isetshenziswa kakhulu emishinini yesiqandisi yesitolo esikhulu esiphakathi nendawo ephezulu ngoba amaphiko ahlanganiswe eduze namashubhu ethusi, okuholela ekuphikeleni okuphansi kokushisa kanye nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu kokukhipha ukushisa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokufakwa kwemishini ehlukene yesiqandisi, ama-fin-tube condensers angabuye ahlukaniswe abe yizinhlobo ezipholile emoyeni nezipholile ngamanzi. Uhlobo olupholile emoyeni aludingi isistimu yokugeleza kwamanzi eyengeziwe futhi luyavumelana nezimo ukuze lufakwe, okulwenza lufaneleke amakhabethe esitolo esiqandisini, amafriji amancane, njll. Uhlobo olupholiswe ngamanzi lunokusebenza okuphakeme kokukhipha ukushisa kodwa ludinga izinga eliphezulu lamanzi futhi ludinga umbhoshongo wokupholisa osekelayo. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zesiqandisi esimaphakathi zezitolo ezinkulu ezinkulu noma imishini yesiqandisi enomthwalo omkhulu.
Ngokwezimo zohlelo lokusebenza nokugcinwa kwazo, ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo okuphezulu kokukhipha ukushisa nezindlela zokufaka eziguquguqukayo, ama-fin-tube condensers asetshenziswa kakhulu esitolo esikhulu esivulekile amakhabethe esiqandisi, iziqandisi ezime mpo, indawo yokugcina ebandayo ehlanganisiwe, nezinye izinto zokusebenza.
Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwansuku zonke, kuyadingeka ukuhlanza njalo uthuli kanye nemfucumfucu ebusweni bama-fins ukuvimbela ukuvinjelwa kwezikhala ze-fin ekuthinteni ukuchithwa kokushisa. Kuma-condensers apholile emoyeni, kuyadingeka futhi ukuhlola isimo sokusebenza se-fan motor ukuze kuqinisekiswe isivinini esivamile sabalandeli. Kuma-condensers apholile ngamanzi, amapayipi adinga ukuhlanzwa njalo ukuze avimbele isikali ekunciphiseni ukusebenza kahle kokushintshanisa ukushisa, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, qaphela ukuhlola noma yikuphi ukuvuza ezindaweni zokuhlangana zamapayipi amanzi.
2. Ama-Condensers we-Wire-Tube: Ukukhetha Okusebenzayo Okunesakhiwo Esihlangene
Ii-wire-tube condenser, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Bondi tube condenser, inezici zesakhiwo sokuhlela amashubhu ethusi amaningi amancane (imvamisa amashubhu e-Bondi, okungukuthi, amashubhu ensimbi) ngokuhambisana kanye nezintambo zensimbi ezizacile ezisonga ngokuvunguza endaweni engaphandle yamashubhu ethusi ukuze zakhe inethiwekhi ecinene yokulahla ukushisa. Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-fin-tube condensers, ukwakheka kwayo kuhlangene kakhulu, indawo yokushisa ukushisa ngevolumu yeyunithi inkulu, futhi ukuxhumana phakathi kwezintambo zensimbi namashubhu ethusi kuqinile, kunokumelana okunamandla kokudlidliza.
Mayelana nezinzuzo zokusebenza, nakuba ukusebenza kahle kwayo kokukhipha ukushisa kungaphansi kancane kunaleyo ye-fin-tube condensers, ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esihlangene kanye nomsebenzi omncane wendawo, ifaneleka kakhulu ukufakwa emishinini yesiqandisi yesitolo esikhulu esinendawo elinganiselwe, njengeziqandisi ezincane ezivundlile kanye namakhabethe akhelwe ngaphakathi esiqandisini.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ubuso be-wire-tube condenser bushelelezi, okwenza kungabi lula ukuqoqwa kothuli, futhi ukuhlanza nsuku zonke kulula. Futhi inokumelana nokugqwala okuqinile kanye nempilo ende yesevisi, ifaneleka kakhulu indawo enomswakama yezitolo ezinkulu (njengemishini yokuqandisa eduze kwendawo yomkhiqizo wasemanzini kanye nendawo yomkhiqizo omusha).
Ngokwezimo zohlelo lokusebenza, isetshenziswa kakhulu kumishini yesiqandisi yesitolo esikhulu, njengamakhabethe okubonisa afakwe esiqandisini, iziqandisi ezincane, kanye namanye amakhabethe okugcina umkhiqizo omusha awakhelwe ngaphakathi. Ukuze ulondoloze, qaphela lokhu okulandelayo: sula njalo uthuli olungaphezulu ngendwangu ethambile, futhi asikho isidingo sokuhlakazeka nokuhlanza njalo; uma okokusebenza kusendaweni enomswakama isikhathi eside, hlola ukuthi kukhona yini ukugqwala ebusweni be-condenser. Uma ukugqwala sekutholakele, yilungise ngopende ovimbela ukugqwala ngesikhathi ukuze uvikele ukugqwala ukuthi kungasakazeki futhi kuthinte ukusebenza kokukhipha ukushisa; ngesikhathi esifanayo, gwema izinto eziqinile ezingqubuzana nezintambo zensimbi namashubhu ethusi we-condenser ukuvimbela ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo ekunciphiseni ukusebenza kahle kokukhipha ukushisa.
3. Ama-Tube-Sheet Condensers: Inketho Ethembekile Yezimo Ezinamandla Aphezulu
Ii-tube-sheet condenseryakhiwe ngebhokisi leshubhu, ishidi leshubhu, amashubhu okushintshanisa ukushisa, kanye negobolondo. Isakhiwo sayo esiyinhloko siwukulungisa zombili iziphetho zamashubhu amaningi okushintshanisa ukushisa (ngokuvamile amashubhu ensimbi angenamthungo noma amashubhu ensimbi engagqwali) eshidini leshubhu ukuze kwakheke inqwaba yeshubhu. Isiqandisi esisebhokisini leshubhu nendawo yokupholisa (njengamanzi noma umoya) egobolondweni sishintshanisa ukushisa ngodonga lweshubhu. I-tube-sheet condenser inamandla esakhiwo esiphezulu, i-high-pressure ephezulu kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, futhi uxhumano phakathi kwamashubhu okushintshanisa ukushisa kanye neshidi leshubhu lisebenzisa izinqubo ezihlangene zokushisela noma zokunweba, ngokusebenza okuhle kokuvala futhi akuvamile ukuba nezinkinga zokuvuza.
Ngokuya ngesakhiwo nokusebenza, ingahlukaniswa ngegobolondo neshubhu (elipholile ngamanzi) kanye nezinhlobo zegobolondo neshubhu elipholile emoyeni. Kwei-condeser yeshidi legobolondo neshubhu, amanzi okupholisa adluliswa ngegobolondo, futhi isiqandisi sigeleza ngaphakathi kwamashubhu okushintshanisa ukushisa, sidlulisela ukushisa emanzini okupholisa ngodonga lweshubhu. Ikwazi ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu futhi ikwazi ukumelana nokucindezela okukhulu, okuyenza ifaneleke imishini yesiqandisi enengcindezi ephezulu futhi enomthwalo omkhulu ezitolo ezinkulu, njengesitoreji esikhulu esibandayo kanye nezinhlelo zesiqandisi esimaphakathi. I-condenser yeshidi leshidi legobolondo neshubhu elipholile lifakwe ifeni ngaphandle kwegobolondo, futhi ukushisa kuhanjiswa ngokugeleza komoya. Ayidingi uhlelo lokujikeleza kwamanzi futhi kulula kakhulu ukuyifaka, kodwa ukusebenza kahle kwayo kokukhipha ukushisa kungaphansi kancane kunohlobo lwegobolondo neshubhu, olufanele izimo ezinezidingo zokucindezela okukhulu kodwa isikhala esilinganiselwe.
Ngezici zayo zamandla aphezulu nokusebenza kokuvala okuphezulu, i-tube-sheet condenser isetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni zesiqandisi zesuphamakethe enkulu, njengesitoreji esibandayo esingamathani ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi, amayunithi esiqandisi amaphakathi, neziqandisi ezinezinga lokushisa eliphansi lokugcina inyama nezilwane zasolwandle.
Ngesikhathi sokunakekelwa, kuyadingeka ukuhlola njalo izinga lamanzi lamanzi okupholisa ukuvimbela isikali nokungcola ekufakweni ngaphakathi kwamashubhu okushintshanisa ukushisa. Ukuhlanza amakhemikhali noma izindlela zokuhlanza ngomshini zingasetshenziswa ukususa ukungcola ngaphakathi kwamashubhu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, hlola ukuthi ingabe kukhona ukuvuza ekuxhumekeni phakathi kweshidi leshubhu namashubhu okushintshanisa ukushisa. Uma ukuvuza kutholakala, kulungise ngokushisela noma shintsha amashubhu okushintshanisa ukushisa ngesikhathi esifanele. Ukuze uthole ama-condenser eshidi le-shell-sheet-tube-ishubhu elipholiswe ngomoya, hlanza njalo uthuli olungaphandle kwegobolondo futhi uhlole isimo sokusebenza sefeni ukuze uqinisekise ukushabalaliswa kokushisa okuvamile.
4. I-Tube-Sheet Evaporators: Izingxenye Eziyinhloko Ekupheleni Kwesiqandisi
Emishinini eminingi yesiqandisi, i-tube-sheet evaporator iyingxenye yokugcina yokufeza ukupholisa kanye nesiqandisi. Umsebenzi wayo uphambene nalowo we-condenser. Imunca kakhulu ukushisa futhi ihwamulise uketshezi lwesiqandisi olunezinga lokushisa eliphansi kanye nengcindezi ephansi ngemva kokudonsa kanye nokunciphisa ingcindezi ngaphakathi kwe-evaporator, imunca ukushisa kwendawo ezungezile, ngaleyo ndlela yehlise izinga lokushisa lendawo eqandisiwe noma eqandisiwe. Isakhiwo saso sifana nese-tube-sheet condenser, ehlanganisa ishidi leshubhu, amashubhu okushintshanisa ukushisa, kanye negobolondo, kodwa indawo yokusebenza kanye nesiqondiso sokudlulisa ukushisa kuphambene.
Ngokuya ngesakhiwo nokusebenza, ngokuya ngemodi yokugeleza yesiqandisi, ingahlukaniswa ngohlobo olukhukhulayo kanye nohlobo olomile. Ku-evaporator yeshidi le-tube eligcwele izikhukhula, igobolondo ligcwaliswa uketshezi lwesiqandisi, futhi amashubhu okushintshanisa ukushisa acwiliswa oketshezini, ukushintshanisa ukushisa nendawo epholile (njengomoya, amanzi) ngodonga lweshubhu. Isebenza kahle kakhulu ekushintsheni ukushisa futhi ifanele indawo yokugcina ebandayo esitolo esikhulu, ama-chiller amanzi, nezinye izinto zokusebenza. Kwei-evaporator yeshidi elomile, isiqandisi sigeleza ngaphakathi kwamashubhu okushintshanisa ukushisa, futhi okupholile kugeleza ngaphakathi kwegobolondo. Inesakhiwo esilula futhi kulula ukuyinakekela, ifanele amakhabethe esitolo esikhulu esiqandisiwe, amakhabethe okubonisa aqandisiwe, nezinye izinto zokusebenza.
Ngokwezinto zokwakha, ithusi noma insimbi engagqwali isetshenziswa kakhulu. Amashubhu okushintshanisa ukushisa kwethusi ane-conductivity enhle yokushisa, futhi amashubhu okushintshanisa ukushisa ensimbi engenasici anokumelana nokugqwala okuqinile. Izinto ezifanele zingakhethwa ngokuya ngezimo zokusetshenziswa kwemishini.
Ngokwezimo zohlelo lokusebenza, isetshenziswa kakhulu emishinini ehlukahlukene yesiqandisi, njengamakhabhinethi aqandisiwe avulekile, iziqandisi ezime mpo, isitoreji esibandayo esihlanganisiwe, iziqandisi zamanzi, njll.
Mayelana nokugcinwa, hlola isimo seqhwa se-evaporator. Uma isithwathwa sishubile kakhulu, sizovimba ukushintsha kokushisa futhi sinciphise ukusebenza kahle kwesiqandisi. I-Defrosting kufanele yenziwe ngesikhathi esifanele (ukushisa ugesi kagesi, i-hot gas defrosting, njll kungasetshenziswa).
Kuma-evaporator eshidi lamashubhu agcwele amanzi, lawula inani lokushaja kwesiqandisi ukuze ugweme ukuslugging koketshezi lwe-compressor okubangelwa ukushaja kakhulu. Ngezihwaphuphuphu ezomile zeshidi lamashubhu, hlola ukuthi akukho yini ukuvaleka kumashubhu okushintshanisa ukushisa. Uma kutholakala ukuvinjelwa, igesi enomfutho ophezulu noma ama-agent okuhlanza amakhemikhali angasetshenziselwa ukudonsa. Ungakunaki ukuhlola ukusebenza kokuvala kwe-evaporator ukuze uvimbele ukuvuza kwesiqandisi ukuthi kuthinte umphumela wesiqandisi.
Emishinini yesiqandisi yezentengiselwano yezitolo ezinkulu, ama-condenser ahlukene nama-evaporator anezici zawo ezihlukile zesakhiwo kanye nezimo zohlelo lokusebenza. Kuyadingeka ukukhetha ngokunengqondo amamodeli namasayizi ahambisanayo ngokohlobo lwemishini, usayizi wesikhala, umthwalo wesiqandisi, nendawo esetshenziswayo, futhi wenze umsebenzi omuhle ekunakekeleni kwansuku zonke ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle nezinzile kwemishini yesiqandisi, inikeze isiqinisekiso esinokwethenjelwa sokugcinwa kokusha kokudla, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nezindleko zokusebenza.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-11-2025 Ukubukwa: