Ayini ama-hydrocarbon (HCs)

Ama-hydrocarbon ayizinhlanganisela eziphilayo ezakhiwe ngokuphelele izinhlobo ezimbili zama-athomu - ikhabhoni ne-hydrogen. Ama-hydrocarbons ayenzeka ngokwemvelo futhi akha isisekelo sikawoyela ongahluziwe, igesi yemvelo, amalahle, neminye imithombo yamandla ebalulekile. Ziyakwazi ukusha kakhulu futhi zikhiqiza isikhutha, amanzi, nokushisa lapho zishile. Ngakho-ke, ama-hydrocarbons asebenza kahle kakhulu njengomthombo kaphethiloli. Ngokuvamile, ama-hydrocarbon amagesi angenambala anephunga elibuthakathaka kakhulu.

 

Yiziphi izinhlobo ezine zama-hydrocarbon?

Ama-hydrocarbon angaba nezakhiwo ezilula noma eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ngokuvamile angahlukaniswa abe izigaba ezine, okuyi-alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, nama-hydrocarbon anephunga elimnandi.

Yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza zama-hydrocarbons?

• Ama-hydrocarbons afana ne-propane ne-butane asetshenziselwa izinjongo zikaphethiloli wezohwebo ngendlela ye-Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG). I-Benzene, enye yama-hydrocarbons anephunga elimnandi, isebenza njengezinto ezingavuthiwe zokuhlanganiswa kwezidakamizwa eziningi zokwenziwa.
• Lezi zisetshenziswa njengomthombo wamafutha ovuthayo, isb: I-Methane eyingxenye yegesi yemvelo.
• Uphethiloli, i-jet fuel kanye ne-naphtha ama-aliphatic hydrocarbon asetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ezahlukene.
• Izinhlanganisela zokufulela itiyela noma ukwakheka kwendlela egandaywe ngamatshe kanye nezilondolozi zezinkuni ziyizinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zama-hydrocarbon.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwazo njengama-non-fuels amakhulu njenge-ethane ne-propane atholakala ku-petroleum negesi yemvelo. Lawa magesi amabili angaphinde aguqulwe abe yi-ethylene ne-propylene.
• Ama-hydrocarbon akhethekile njengengxube ye-benzene, i-toluene ne-xylene isomers ayaziwa futhi ukusetshenziswa kwawo kuphezulu kakhulu.
• Ama-hydrocarbon emvelo atholakala ezinyosini zaseBrazil ezingantinyeli ezishiya iphunga eliyingqayizivele le-hydrocarbon futhi zisiza ekunqumeni izihlobo ezingezona izihlobo.

 

Yiziphi iziqandisi ze-hydrocarbon?

 Iziqandisi ze-Hydrocarbon yilokho okwaziwa ngokuthi 'iziqandisi zemvelo.' Azinabo ubuthi, aziqedi i-O-zone, futhi zinamandla aphansi kakhulu Wokufudumala Kwembulunga yonke. Phezu kwakho konke ukuthi zingezinye zeziqandisi ezonga amandla kakhulu emhlabeni namuhla.

 Isikhathi seziqandisi zegesi ezine-fluorinated siyaphela futhi zonke zizoqedwa emhlabeni wonke emashumini ambalwa eminyaka ezayo. Iziqandisi ze-hydrocarbon zizothatha indawo yazo. Ama-hydrocarbon asevele ethandwa kakhulu kulo lonke elaseYurophu nase-Asia futhi atholakala kakhulu esetshenziswa eziqandisini. Njengokujwayelekile, i-United States isasele ngemuva emhlabeni wonke uma kuziwa kwezinye iziqandisi… kodwa sinikeze isikhathi futhi uzoqala ukubona ama-hydrocarbon evela kakhulu kulo lonke elase-US.

 Ezinye izibonelo ze-hydrocarbon coolant zimi kanje:

 R-290(I-Propane)

 R-600a(Isobutane)

 R-1150(Ethylene/Ethylene)

 R-1270(I-Propene/Propylene)

 R-170(Ethane)

 Izingxube ezihlukahlukene nezixube zemikhiqizo engenhla.