Ngomongo womhlaba wonke wokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni, imboni yesiqandisi sezentengiselwano isibaluleke kakhulu. Ngokwedatha evela ku-International Energy Agency (IEA), izinto ezisebenza esiqandisini zenza u-18% wokusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi wasendlini emhlabeni wonke. Njengoba ubunikazi bomhlaba buqhubeka bukhula, kulindeleke ukuthi bube ngaphezu kwamayunithi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.5 ngo-2030, nokukhuphuka okuhambisanayo kwesidingo samandla. Uma kungalawulwa ngempumelelo, lokhu kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu ekukhishweni kwekhabhoni emhlabeni jikelele. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle kwamandla embonini yezomnotho eqandisiwe, njengeziqandisi namakhabethe ka-ayisikhilimu, kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe izinhloso zokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni.
Ngokusungula izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe njengama-compressor aguquguqukayo kanye noketshezi olusebenzayo lwemvelo (isb., isiqandisi se-CO₂), ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kweziqandisi zebanga lokudla kungancishiswa ngempumelelo, ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kungancishiswa, futhi inqubo yokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni yomhlaba wonke ingasekelwa. Kusukela ekupholiseni ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwemikhiqizo yezolimo ezindaweni zokukhiqiza kuye kwezokuthutha ezihamba ngamaketanga kanye nendawo yokugcina iziqandisi ezitolo ezinkulu, ukusebenza kahle kwalo lonke uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kokudla okusha kuncike eziqandisini.
Kuxhumano lokusatshalaliswa kwemikhiqizo yezolimo, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokulondoloza kanye nokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zezolimo. Isibonelo, izithelo nemifino ebolayo inganweba isikhathi sazo seshalofu ezindaweni ezifanele ezinochungechunge olubandayo, kunciphise imfucuza ekonakalisweni. Lokhu akusizi nje kuphela ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kokuhlinzekwa kwemikhiqizo yezolimo kodwa futhi kusiza ekwehliseni ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ekukhiqizweni kwezolimo (ngokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ekutshalweni kabusha ngenxa yemfucuza).
Khonamanjalo, ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yekhabhinethi yeziqandisi ezisezingeni eliphezulu kuqhuba ukukhula ngokubambisana ezimbonini ezikhuphuka nomfula nezingezansi, njengokukhiqiza i-compressor kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezinto zesiqandisi. Lezi zimboni nazo zidinga ukusungula izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ukuze kuncishiswe ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni, kwakhiwe uhlelo lwemvelo lwezimboni oluxhumene futhi olunomthelela ofanayo.
Ngokuthuthukiswa kokusetshenziswa, isidingo sabathengi sezithako zokudla ezisezingeni eliphezulu siyakhula, okuholela ukukhula okuqhubekayo kwesidingo sesiqandisi emikhakheni yomibili yasendlini kanye neyezohwebo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amakhaya adinga umthamo omkhulu, indawo yokushisa ehlukahlukene, iziqandisi ezonga amandla ukuze zigcine ukudla okuhlukahlukene. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imikhakha yezentengiselwano efana nezitolo ezinkulu, izitolo zokudla nezindawo zokudlela zinesidingo esikhulu seziqandisi, ezinezidingo eziphakeme zokusebenza kwesiqandisi kanye nobuhlakani.
Izinguquko ezidingweni zemakethe yabathengi zibuye ziqondise izitayela zokusetshenziswa eziya ebuhlazeni obukhulu, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, nokusebenza kahle. Lapho kwethulwa imikhiqizo yesiqandisi yezinga eliphezulu lokusebenzisa amandla amandla, abathengi bakhulisa kancane kancane ukuqwashisa kwabo ngokuvikelwa kwemvelo nokongiwa kwamandla ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhetha, ngaleyo ndlela baqhubekisele phambili yonke imakethe yabathengi ekuhambisaneni nemiqondo yokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni.
Imboni yeziqandisi zemvelo idlala indima ebalulekile emnothweni womhlaba kanye nezohwebo. Ngaphansi kwesizinda sokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni, izindinganiso zamazwe zokonga ugesi kanye nezinqubomgomo zemvelo zithuthukiswa ngokuqhubekayo, okungalethi nje ingcindezi yokusungula izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni embonini yesiqandisi kodwa futhi kudala amathuba amasha emakethe. Isibonelo, ukuguqulwa kwelebula ye-EU yokuwonga amandla kanye nezindinganiso zikazwelonke ezintsha zaseShayina kwenze amabhizinisi ukuthi andise ukutshalwa kwezimali ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe okonga amandla, okuphushela imikhiqizo kumazinga aphezulu wokonga amandla.
I-NW iphawula ukuthi ukwakhiwa kabusha kochungechunge lwezimboni zekhabhinethi ebonisa imboni yeziqandisi emhlabeni wonke, enezakhiwo zelungelo lobunikazi kubuchwepheshe beziqandisi ezisezingeni eliphezulu, amabhizinisi angena egunjini lokuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokwenza kwasendaweni kochungechunge lokuhlinzeka. Lokhu kusebenzisana emidlalweni yezomnotho yomhlaba kunomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kochungechunge lwezimboni zeziphuzo ezibandayo emazweni ahlukahlukene kanye nephethini yohwebo yomhlaba, okubaluleke kakhulu ekuzuzeni intuthuko esimeme kwezomnotho ngaphansi kwemigomo yokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni yomhlaba.
I. Ukuthuthukiswa Okujwayelekile Kokusebenza Kwamandla: Injini Yokuguqula Okuluhlaza Yemboni Yeziqandisi
Njengemishini esetshenziswa kakhulu esebenzisa amandla aphezulu ezimeni zomhlaba jikelele nezentengiso, izinga lokusebenza kahle kwamandla eziqandisi lithinta ngqo ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni yomhlaba wonke. Umthelela wokushintsha ilebula ye-EU esebenza kahle kakhulu ubaluleke kakhulu. Ngo-2021, i-EU yalungisa amamaki okusebenza kahle kwamandla eziqandisi ukusuka ku-A+++ ukuya ku-AG, okudinga amabhizinisi ukuthi achaze kabusha izisekelo zokonga amandla komkhiqizo. Isibonelo, izinga elisha le-A-grade linciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngo-30% uma kuqhathaniswa nezinga elidala, okuholela ku-90% wemikhiqizo ekhona emakethe yehliselwe kumabanga B noma C. Lolu shintsho luphoqe amabhizinisi ukuthi asheshise ukuphindaphinda kwezobuchwepheshe. Isibonelo, iziqandisi ze-Haier zithuthukise ukusebenza kwazo kahle kwamandla zafika ku-A++ grade ngokusebenzisa ama-compressor ahlukahlukene kanye nobuchwepheshe beziqandisi be-CO₂, zingena ngempumelelo emakethe yaseYurophu.
Ngo-2025, i-China izothuthukisa izindinganiso zayo zokonga ugesi efrijini ukuze ifinyelele amazinga ahamba phambili emhlabeni wonke, okudinga ukuthuthukiswa okungama-20% ku-coefficient of performance (COP) yeziqandisi eziziqukayo zeyunithi. Le nqubomgomo igqugquzele amabhizinisi ase-Chinese efrijini ukuthi asheshise ukuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe. Isibonelo, i-Dongbei Group eyakhiwe ngokuzimele ye-6th-generation variable frequency compressor inenani le-COP elingu-2.18, ukuthuthuka okungu-15% ngaphezu kwesilinganiso somkhakha, futhi ithole ukugunyazwa kwelungelo lobunikazi e-Europe nase-United States.
II. Ukuphindaphinda Kobuchwepheshe: Ukuphumelela Okukabili Kumvamisa Eguquguqukayo kanye Noketshezi Olusebenzayo Lwemvelo
Ubuchwepheshe be-Compressor obushintshashintshayo buyisihluthulelo sokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle kwamandla eziqandisini nezinye izinto zikagesi. Ama-compressed-frequency compressor endabuko anokushintshashintsha okukhulu kokusetshenziswa kwamandla, kuyilapho ubuchwepheshe befrikhwensi eguquguqukayo bunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla efriji ngo-30% -40% ngokulungisa isivinini semoto. Isibonelo, iziqandisi ze-NENWELL zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obugcwele be-DC variable frequency, ehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nsuku zonke ukuya ku-0.38 kWh, ukonga amandla okungu-50% uma kuqhathaniswa nemikhiqizo evamile. Ngobuchwepheshe "okwehlukanisiwe kwe-exhaust silencer cavity", umsindo we-compressor wehliswa ube ama-decibel angama-38 ngenkathi uthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla.
III. Izithiyo Zezobuchwepheshe kanye Nokwakhiwa Kabusha Kwe-Industrial Chain
Amazwe athuthukile alawula ubuchwepheshe beziqandisi ezisezingeni eliphezulu ngezakhiwo zelungelo lobunikazi. I-Danfoss yaseDenmark inamalungelo obunikazi angaphezu kwe-2,000 emkhakheni we-compressor, ehlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile obufana nokulawula imvamisa okuguquguqukayo kanye nokwakhiwa kwesistimu ye-CO₂. I-Bosch yaseJalimane ilawula izinqubo zokukhiqiza zezinto zokufakwa ezishisayo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu. Lezi zithiyo zobuchwepheshe zenza kube nzima ukuthi amabhizinisi asemazweni asathuthuka angene ezimakethe ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Isibonelo, ukungeniswa kwesitoreji esibandayo emazweni ase-Afrika kuncike emikhiqizweni yase-Europe, enenani eliphindwe kabili kunozakwabo baseShayina.
I-NENWELL, njengenkanyezi ekhulayo embonini yeziqandisi, yakha ukuncintisana ngokusebenzisa izindlela zobuchwepheshe ezihlukene:
- I-Matrix Yomkhiqizo: Imboza uhla olugcwele lweziqandisi ezime mpo (50-500L) neziqandisi ezivundlile (100-1000L). Iziqandisi ezime mpo ezentengiselwano zamukela idizayini "yokujikeleza kabili kwezindawo zokushisa ezintathu", okuvumela ukusebenza ngasikhathi sinye kokuthi -18°C, isiqandisi esingu-0-5°C, nokugcinwa okusha okungu-10-15°C, okuhlangabezana nezidingo eziklanyelwe ukugcinwa kwezitolo ezinkulu, umkhiqizo omusha, nezithako zokudla.
- I-Core Technology: Ifakwe "i-X-Tech variable frequency engine" ezithuthukisayo, isebenzisa ama-algorithms okulawula i-vector kanye nezinto ezingavamile zikazibuthe zomhlaba, ezine-coefficient of performance (COP) efinyelela ku-3.0, ukuthuthukiswa okungama-25% ngaphezu kwesilinganiso semboni. Ihambisana ne-CO₂ transcritical refrigeration systems, enekhono lokufudumala kwembulunga yonke (GWP) elingu-1 kuphela.
- Ukusebenza Kwemakethe: Ngo-2024, amafriji e-NENWELL abambe isabelo semakethe esingu-12% eSoutheast Asia, ngokukhula konyaka nonyaka okungama-38% emakethe yaseYurophu. Phakathi kwazo, iziqandisi ezivundlile ezingu-500L ezinezinhlelo ezihlakaniphile zokulawula izinga lokushisa zibalele ngaphezu kuka-7% wesabelo semakethe sesiteshi sokudayisa ukudla saseJalimane, okube yibhizinisi lokuqala laseShayina elisafufusa ukungena kumabhrendi angu-10 aphezulu efrijini aseYurophu ngokuthengiswa.
I-Dongbei Group itshale ama-yuan ayizigidi ezingu-30 ku-R&D yama-compressor okushisa aphansi kakhulu, yadabula ngempumelelo ubuchwepheshe besiqandisi obungu- -86°C ukuze ithathele imikhiqizo engenisiwe. Iziqandisi ze-Haier zisungule izisekelo zokukhiqiza e-Egypt, eTurkey, nakwezinye izindawo ngesu lokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke “lobuthathu,” ukufeza i-R&D yendawo kanye nokukhiqiza ukuze kugwenywe izithiyo zohwebo. Ngo-2024, umthamo wokuthekelisa wamafriji waseShayina wafinyelela ezigidini ezingama-24.112, okuwukukhula konyaka ngonyaka ngama-24.3%, okubalelwa ku-55% wesabelo semakethe yomhlaba wonke.
IV. Imidlalo Yezomnotho Yomhlaba Wonke: Inani Elibalulekile Leziqandisi Eziluhlaza
Izinqubomgomo zohwebo kanye nezindinganiso zobuchwepheshe seziphenduke izinkundla zokulwa ezintsha zokuncintisana okukhulu kwamandla. Umthetho Wokuncishiswa Kokwehla Nokwehla kwamandla emali wase-US uhlinzeka ngekhredithi yentela engu-30% yokukhiqiza amafriji asekhaya, kuyilapho i-EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) idinga iziqandisi ezingeniswa kwamanye amazwe ukuze ziveze imikhondo yazo yekhabhoni egcwele yomjikelezo wokuphila. Amanye amabhizinisi aphendula ngamaketanga okunikezwayo okuluhlaza, njengokusebenzisa insimbi eluhlaza (insimbi enekhabhoni ephansi) namapulasitiki agaywe kabusha, ukunciphisa imilobo yekhabhoni yomkhiqizo ngo-40% kanye nokudlulisa ukuqinisekiswa kwethagethi yekhabhoni yesayensi ye-SBTi.
Ukuthekelisa kobuchwepheshe kanye nokusetha okujwayelekile amasu esikhathi eside ezinkampani zomhlaba. I-Dongbei Group ifake isicelo samalungelo obunikazi "njengezithulisa umoya ezikhalayo" e-Europe nase-United States futhi yabamba iqhaza ekuthuthukisweni okujwayelekile kwamazwe ngamazwe. Izinga lobuchwepheshe beziqandisi ze-CO₂ eliholwa amafriji e-Haier lifakwe ephepheni elimhlophe le-International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR). Lezi zinyathelo azigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa izwi lezinkampani kodwa futhi zihlinzeka ngezixazululo zoshintsho oluluhlaza embonini yamafriji yomhlaba wonke.
V. Amathrendi Azayo: Ukudidiyelwa Kwezobuchwepheshe kanye Nomnotho Oyindilinga
Ukuhlanganiswa okujulile kobuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile kanye namakhabhinethi aqanda ngokushesha kuzoshintsha amaphethini embonini. Izinzwa ze-IoT zingakwazi ukuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla esiqandisi, futhi ama-algorithms e-AI angathuthukisa imijikelezo yesiqandisi, ehlise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngo-10%. Isibonelo, umsebenzi we-Midea freezers ""ukulawula izinga lokushisa okuhlakaniphile" ulungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo amandla esiqandisi ngokufunda imikhuba yabasebenzisi.
Ukuphindaphinda kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokwakhiwa kabusha kweketango lezimboni zemboni yamafriji ngokuyisisekelo kumelela i-microcosm yomnotho womhlaba wonke ekuthuthukisweni kohlaza kanye nekhabhoni ephansi. Ngokuzayo, ukuncintisana embonini yeziqandisi kuzogxila ekusungulweni okusha kwezobuchwepheshe, ekumisweni okujwayelekile, kanye nomnotho oyindilinga, okungagcini nje ngokuphathelene nokuphila kwebhizinisi kodwa nokufezeka kwezinhloso zokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni emhlabeni wonke. Iziqandisi, izinto zikagesi zasekhaya ezibonakala zijwayelekile, seziphenduka izinkundla zempi ezintsha emidlalweni yezomnotho yomhlaba.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-23-2025 Ukubukwa: