Esimweni sanamuhla sebhizinisi, isidingo seamafriji amakhulu okuhwebaikhula njalo. Lokhu kubangelwa ikakhulukazi ukunyuka kwezinga lokushisa emhlabeni wonke kanye nesidingo esikhulu sokugcinwa kokudla. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokuthuthuka komnotho womhlaba kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinga lokuphila kwabantu, imakethe yabathengi iya ngokuya ichuma. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imboni yokudla ikhula ngokushesha, futhi isidingo seziqandisi zentengiso ezitolo ezinkulu, izitolo ezidayisa ukudla, izindawo zokudlela, amabhizinisi okucubungula ukudla nezinye izindawo siyaqhubeka sikhula.
I. Isendlalelo kanye Nesidingo Seziqandisi Ezinkulu Ezenziwe Ngokwezifiso
Ezitolo ezinkulu kanye nezitolo ezidayisa ukudla, abathengi badinga iziqandisi ezinkulu ukuze bagcine futhi babonise ukudla neziphuzo ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo zabathengi. Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuMeyi 2024, inani eliphelele lokuthengiswa kwezimpahla zabathengi lidlule ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-19,523.7, okuwukunyuka ngo-4.1% unyaka nonyaka. Phakathi kwamayunithi ezitolo angaphezu kosayizi omisiwe, ukuthengiswa kwezitolo ezinkulu kwehle ngo-0.4% uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule, kodwa ukuthengiswa kwezitolo ezithengisa izinto ezilula kukhuphuke ngo-7.5% uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule. Kulokhu, isidingo samafriji amakhulu ezitolo ezitolo sisobala kakhulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusha kanye nomphumela wokuboniswa kokudla neziphuzo.
Ukudlondlobala kwemboni yezokudla nakho kugqugquzela isidingo samafriji amakhulu okuhweba. Ngokukhula okusheshayo kwemboni yezokupheka, njengethuluzi elibalulekile lokugcina izithako zokudla, isidingo semakethe samafriji okuthengisa sikhula njalo. Izindawo zokudlela zidinga iziqandisi ezinkulu zentengiso ukuze zigcine izithako zokudla ezehlukene ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi nokuphepha kokudla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhizinisi okucubungula ukudla awakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwamafriji amakhulu okuhweba. Amabhizinisi alungisa ukudla adinga iziqandisi ukuze agcine futhi acubungule ukudla ukuze aqinisekise izinga lokudla nokuphepha.
Izizathu zokwenza ngokwezifiso zibe ithrendi ngokuyinhloko yilezi ezilandelayo. Okokuqala, ngokuhlukahluka kwesidingo sabathengi, izindawo ezehlukene zentengiso zinezidingo ezihlukene zamafriji ezentengiselwano. Isibonelo, ezinye izitolo ezinkulu zingase zidinge iziqandisi ezinosayizi abathile kanye nemisebenzi yokubonisa ukuze zivumelane nezakhiwo zazo zesitolo kanye nezidingo zokubonisa impahla.
Okwesibili, izinkambu zokufaka izicelo zeziqandisi ezithengiswayo ziya ngokuya ziba zibanzi, futhi izimpahla ezihlukene zinomehluko omkhulu esiqandisini kanye nemiphumela yokubonisa edingekayo eziqandisini. Ngenxa yokufana kwazo okujwayelekile, iziqandisi ezikhiqizwa ukuthengisa azikwazi ukwenza ucwaningo oluhlukene nokuthuthukiswa kanye nokukhiqizwa kwesiqandisi kanye nemiphumela yokubonisa yemikhiqizo ehlukene. Ngakho-ke, iziqandisi ezinkulu ezenziwe ngezifiso zingahlangabezana nezidingo eziqondene nawe zezindawo ezehlukene zokuhweba. Ekugcineni, ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obunjengobuhlakani, ukongiwa kwamandla kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo eziqandisini ezithengiswayo kuya ngokuya kuba banzi. Iziqandisi ezinkulu ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zingahlanganisa lobu buchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe ngokuya ngezidingo zamakhasimende, zithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kanye nokusebenziseka kalula kweziqandisi, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo zehlise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi, okuhambisana nenkambiso yentuthuko yokuvikelwa kwemvelo eluhlaza.
II. Izinzuzo Zeziqandisi Ezinkulu Ezenziwe Ngokwezifiso
(1) Umphumela onamandla wesiqandisi
Iziqandisi ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zivame ukuba namazinga esiqandisi ezinkanyezi ezintathu kanye nezinkanyezi ezine, anganikeza amandla esiqandisi anamandla. Leli zinga eliphezulu lesiqandisi lenza ukugcina ukudla okufriziwe kanye nesikhathi sokulondoloza kube side, ngokuvamile kuze kufike ezinyangeni ezi-3. Isibonelo, ibhizinisi elikhiqiza ukudla lisebenzisa isiqandisi esikhulu esenziwe ngokwezifiso, esinweba ngempumelelo isikhathi sokusha kokudla futhi sinciphise ukulahlekelwa okubangelwa ukonakala kokudla.
(2) Umthamo omkhulu wokugcina
Ukwamukela idizayini yokuqandisa isiyonke, uma kuqhathaniswa nengxenye yesiqandisi esinengxenye kuphela yevolumu esebenzayo, iziqandisi ezingokwezifiso zifaneleka kakhulu ukubanda kanye nokugcina inani elikhulu lokudla. Inzuzo yomthamo omkhulu wesitoreji ibonakala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezifana nezitolo ezinkulu kanye nezitolo ezilula, futhi ingahlangabezana nezidingo zokuqandisa zenani elikhulu lezimpahla. Isibonelo, isitolo esikhulu sisebenzisa isiqandisi esenziwe ngokwezifiso ukuze sigcine inani elikhulu lokudla okuqandisiwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukutholakala okwanele kwempahla.
(3) Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi
Umnyango wekhabhinethi owenziwe ngezifiso uklanyelwe ukuvula phezulu, futhi umoya obandayo uphuphuma uye phezulu kancane. Uma kuqhathaniswa neziqandisi eziqondile ngokuyinhloko futhi ezinomoya omningi obandayo ochichimayo ngemva kokuvula, idla amandla amancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziqandisi ezenziwe ngokwezifiso azikukhiqizi ukushisa okuningi njengezinto ezisebenza ngogesi futhi andisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Isibonelo, ngemva kokuba indawo yokudlela ethile isebenzisa isiqandisi esenziwe ngokwezifiso, ithola ukuthi isikweletu sikagesi sanyanga zonke siphansi kakhulu kunezindleko zikagesi uma usebenzisa isiqandisi esivamile.
(4) Idizayini yomuntu siqu ukuhlangabezana nezimo ezihlukahlukene
Ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa okuhlukene kwenziwa ngokwemikhakha ehlukene yezicelo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zesiqandisi kanye nokuboniswa kwempahla ehlukahlukene. Isibonelo, ezitolo ezinkulu, iziqandisi ezinosayizi abathile nemisebenzi yokubonisa zingenziwa ngendlela oyifisayo ngokuya ngezinhlobo zempahla nezakhiwo zesitolo ukuze kuthuthukiswe umphumela wokubonisa nokusebenza kahle kokuthengiswa kwempahla. Emabhizinisini okucubungula ukudla, amazinga okushisa esiqandisini afanelekile kanye nomswakama kungenziwa ngokwezifiso ngokuhambisana nezici zokudla okuhlukene ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yokudla.
(5) Ikhwalithi kanye nesiqinisekiso sokusebenza
Ifakwe izinhlelo ezihlukahlukene ezithuthukisiwe, njengesistimu yokuthambisa engenasithwathwa epholile emoyeni, engagcina umswakama ngaphakathi efrijini, ivimbele ukudla ukuthi kuphele, futhi yandise isikhathi sokusha kokudla. Isistimu yokulawula ehlakaniphile ingalungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo izinga lokushisa lesiqandisi kanye nomswakama ngokwezidingo zangempela ukuze kuthuthukiswe umuzwa wokusebenzisa. Isibonelo, isiqandisi esenziwe ngokwezifiso sendawo yokudlela yokudlela sifakwe isistimu yokulawula ehlakaniphile engalungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo izinga lokushisa ngokuya ngezidingo zokugcinwa kwezitsha ezahlukahlukene ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yezitsha.
(6) Ukubekwa okunengqondo ukuze kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwamandla
Ukubekwa kwesiqandisi kuhlobene eduze nokusetshenziswa kwamandla. Lapho ubeka isiqandisi esingokwezifiso, isikhala esingamasentimitha angu-5 – 10 nhlangothi zombili, esingamasentimitha angu-10 ngaphezulu, namasentimitha angu-10 ohlangothini olungemuva kufanele sigcinwe ukuze sisize isiqandisi siqede ukushisa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isiqandisi asinakubekwa kanye nezinto zikagesi ezinjengezistereo, amathelevishini, namahhavini ama-microwave. Ukushisa okukhiqizwa yilezi zinto zikagesi kuzokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla efriji. Isibonelo, ngemva kokuba isitolo esithengisa izinto ezilula sibeke isiqandisi esenziwe ngokwezifiso ngokunengqondo, sithole ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwehle kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto ezifakwe esiqandisini azikwazi ukubekwa ziminyene kakhulu. Shiya izikhala ukuze kube lula ukuhamba komoya obandayo. Ukudla kuphola ngokushesha, okunganciphisa inani lokusebenza kwe-compressor yesiqandisi futhi yonge ugesi. Ngokudla okukhudlwana, ukupakishwa kungavulwa ngokwengxenye edliwa umndeni ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi kukhishwa kuphela inani elidliwe ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze kugwenywe ukubanda okuphindaphindiwe nokumosha ugesi.
III. Sibheke Ikusasa
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwebhizinisi kanye nokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwesidingo sabathengi, iziqandisi ezinkulu ezenziwe ngezifiso zibonisa amathemba abanzi emkhakheni wezohwebo. Embonini yokudla, noma ngabe izitolo ezinkulu, izitolo ezidayisa ukudla noma amabhizinisi okucubungula ukudla, izidingo zokugcinwa nokugcinwa kokudla zizokhula ngokuya phezulu. Iziqandisi ezinkulu ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zingahlinzeka ngokulawula okunembile kwezinga lokushisa nomswakama ngokuya nezici zokudla okuhlukahlukene ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yokudla nokuphepha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokuthuthukiswa kokuqwashisa ngokuvikelwa kwemvelo, iziqandisi ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zizonaka kakhulu ukongiwa kwamandla nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, zamukele ubuchwepheshe beziqandisi obuthuthukisiwe nezinto zokuvikela imvelo, zinciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nokukhishwa kwekhabhoni, futhi zifake isandla ekuvikelweni kwemvelo kuyilapho zonga izindleko zamabhizinisi.
Embonini yezokupheka, iziqandisi ezinkulu ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zizoba izindlela ezibalulekile zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle. Izindawo zokudlela zingenza ngokwezifiso iziqandisi ezifanele ngokwezidingo zazo zesitsha nendawo yokugcina izinto ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusha nokuzinza kwempahla yokudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziqandisi ezihlakaniphile ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zingahlinzeka ngokuphathwa kwempahla nemisebenzi yokuxwayisa kusenesikhathi ukusiza izindawo zokudlela zigcwalise izithako zokudla kusenesikhathi futhi zigweme ukuthikameza ibhizinisi ngenxa yokuphela kwesitoko.
Embonini yokudayisa, iziqandisi ezinkulu ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zingathuthukisa umphumela wokubonisa nokusebenza kahle kokuthengiswa kwempahla. Ngokuklama komuntu siqu kanye nesakhiwo, iziqandisi zingabonisa kangcono impahla futhi zihehe ukunaka kwabathengi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amafriji enziwe ngokwezifiso angabuye ahlanganiswe nesitayela sokuhlobisa sonke sesitolo ukuze kuthuthukiswe isithombe nenani lomkhiqizo wesitolo.
Kafushane,amafriji amakhulu enziwe ngokwezifiso adlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kwebhizinisi. Ngeke nje ihlangabezane nezidingo eziqondene nawe zamabhizinisi, kodwa futhi inikeze amabhizinisi izixazululo eziphumelelayo, ezonga amandla nezinobungani kwemvelo.Ngokuqhubeka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwemakethe, kukholakala ukuthi iziqandisi ezinkulu ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zizodlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu emkhakheni wezohwebo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-11-2024 Ukubukwa: