Yintoni iihydrocarbons (HCs)

Ii-Hydrocarbons ziikhompawundi eziphilayo ezenziwe ngokupheleleyo ziindidi ezimbini kuphela zeeathom – ikhabhoni nehydrogen. Iihydrocarbons ziyenzeka ngokwemvelo kwaye zenza isiseko se-oyile ekrwada, igesi yendalo, amalahle, kunye neminye imithombo ebalulekileyo yamandla. Zinokutsha kakhulu kwaye zivelisa ikharbon diokside, amanzi nobushushu xa zitshiswa. Ngaloo ndlela, ii-hydrocarbons zisebenza kakhulu njengomthombo wamafutha. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ii-hydrocarbons ziigesi ezingenambala ezinamavumba abuthathaka kakhulu.

 

Zeziphi ezi ntlobo zine zeehydrocarbons?

Iihydrocarbons zinokuba nezakhiwo ezilula okanye ezintsonkothileyo kwaye zinokuhlelwa ngokubanzi ngokweendidi ezine, ezizezi, iialkanes, iialkenes, iialkynes, kunye neehydrocarbons ezinuka kamnandi.

Yintoni usetyenziso lweehydrocarbons?

• Iihydrocarbons ezifana nepropane kunye nebutane zisetyenziselwa iinjongo zamafutha ezorhwebo ngendlela yeGas yePetroleum eyiLiquefied (LPG). I-Benzene, enye yezona hydrocarbons ezinuka kamnandi, isebenza njengesixhobo sokwenziwa kwamachiza amaninzi okwenziwa.
• Ezi zisetyenziswa njengomthombo wamafutha anokutsha, umzekelo: I-Methane eyinxalenye yerhasi yendalo.
• Ipetroli, i-jet fuel kunye ne-naphtha zii-aliphatic hydrocarbons ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini ahlukeneyo.
• Iikhompawundi zokufulela ibhitumene okanye ukwakheka kwendlela yendlela kunye nezithinteli zomthi ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeehydrocarbons.
• Ukusetyenziswa kwabo njengamaqondo amakhulu angengawo amafutha afana ne-ethane kunye nepropane afunyanwa kwipetroleum kunye negesi yendalo. Ezi gesi zimbini zinokuguqulwa ngakumbi zibe yi-ethylene kunye nepropylene.
• Iihydrocarbon ezikhethekileyo ezifana nomxube we-benzene, i-toluene kunye ne-xylene isomers ziyaziwa kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwazo kuphezulu kakhulu.
• Iihydrocarbons ezendalo ngokwendalo zifumaneka kwiinyosi zaseBrazil ezingalungiyo ezishiya ivumba elikhethekileyo lehydrocarbon kwaye zinceda ekumiseleni isalamane esingesozalamane.

 

Ziziphi iifriji zehydrocarbon?

 Izikhenkcisi zeHydrocarbon yinto eyaziwa ngokuba 'ziifriji zendalo.' Aziyiyo ityhefu, aziyiyo indawo ye-O, kwaye zinamandla asezantsi kakhulu okuFudumeza kweHlabathi. Ngaphezulu kwayo yonke loo nto zezinye zeefriji ezonga amandla kwihlabathi namhlanje.

 Ixesha lezikhenkcezisi zerhasi ezifunxayo liza kuphela kwaye zonke ziya kupheliswa kwihlabathi liphela kule minyaka imbalwa izayo. Iifriji ze-hydrocarbon ziya kuthatha indawo yazo. IiHydrocarbons sele zithandwa kakhulu kulo lonke elaseYurophu naseAsiya kwaye ubukhulu becala zifunyanwa zisetyenziswa kwizicelo zefriji. Njengesiqhelo, iUnited States isemva kwehlabathi xa isiza kwezinye iifriji… kodwa siphe ixesha kwaye uyakuqala ukubona iihydrocarbons zivela ngakumbi nangakumbi kulo lonke elase-US.

 Eminye imizekelo ye-hydrocarbon coolant yile ilandelayo:

 R-290(Propane)

 R-600a(Isobutane)

 R-1150(Ethene/Ethylene)

 R-1270(Ipropene/Propylene)

 R-170(Ethane)

 Iindidi ezahlukeneyo kunye neengxube zeemveliso ezingentla.