Kumxholo wehlabathi jikelele wokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni, imboni yefriji yefriji ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngokwedatha evela kwi-International Energy Agency (IEA), izixhobo ezisebenza efrijini zithatha i-18% yosetyenziso lwamandla kwizixhobo zasekhaya zehlabathi. Njengoko ubunini behlabathi buqhubeka nokukhula, kulindeleke ukuba kudlule iiyunithi ze-1.5 yebhiliyoni ngo-2030, kunye nokunyuka okuhambelanayo kwimfuno yamandla. Ukuba ayilawulwa ngokufanelekileyo, oku kuya kuba nempembelelo enkulu ekukhutshweni kwekhabhoni yehlabathi. Ke ngoko, ukuphuculwa kokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kushishino loqoqosho olunomkhenkce, olufana neefriji kunye neekhabhathi ze-ayisikrimu, zibalulekile ekufezekiseni iinjongo zokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni.
Ngokusebenzisa iinguqulelo ezintsha zetekhnoloji ezifana ne-compressor frequency frequency kunye nolwelo olusebenzayo lwendalo (umzekelo, i-CO₂ refrigeration), ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwizikhenkcisi zodidi lokutya kunokunciphisa ngempumelelo, ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kunokuncitshiswa, kunye nenkqubo yokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni yehlabathi inokuxhaswa. Ukusukela ekupholiseni kwangaphambili kweemveliso zezolimo kwiindawo zemveliso ukuya kwezothutho ezibandayo kunye nogcino lwesikhenkcezisi esisevenkileni enkulu, ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwalo lonke ikhonkco lokubonelela ngokutya okutsha kuxhomekeke kwiifriji.
Kuthungelwano lokujikeleziswa kwemveliso yezolimo, ukuphucula ugcino olusebenzayo kunye nokunciphisa ilahleko kukhuthaza ukuphuculwa koshishino lwezolimo. Umzekelo, iziqhamo kunye nemifuno etshabalalayo inokwandisa ubomi beshelufu kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo ezibandayo, ukunciphisa inkunkuma ekonakalisweni. Oku akuncedi kuphela ekuqinisekiseni uzinzo lonikezelo lwemveliso yezolimo kodwa ikwanceda ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwimveliso yezolimo (ngokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ekutyalwe ngokutsha ngenxa yenkunkuma).
Ngeli xesha, uphuhliso lweshishini lekhabhinethi yefriji ekwisiphelo esiphezulu kuqhuba ukukhula kwentsebenziswano kumashishini anyukayo nasezantsi, afana nokuvelisa icompressor kunye nokuveliswa kwemathiriyeli yefriji. Le mizi-mveliso ikwafuna ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe kunye nokuphuculwa kwemizi-mveliso ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, ukwenza inkqubo edibeneyo yoshishino edibeneyo nefuthe ngokufanayo.
Ngokuphuculwa kokusetyenziswa, imfuno yabathengi yezithako zokutya ezikumgangatho ophezulu iyanda, nto leyo eqhuba ukukhula okuzinzileyo kwimfuno yesikhenkcezisi kuwo omabini amacandelo asekhaya kunye nezorhwebo. Kwelinye icala, amakhaya afuna umthamo omkhulu, indawo enobushushu obuninzi, iifriji ezonga amandla okugcina izinto ezahlukeneyo zokutya. Kwelinye icala, amacandelo ezorhwebo anje ngeevenkile ezinkulu, iivenkile ezithengisa izinto eziluncedo, kunye neeresityu zinemfuno enkulu yeefriji, ezineemfuno eziphezulu zokusebenza kwefriji kunye nobukrelekrele.
Utshintsho kwimfuno yentengiso yabathengi lukwakhokela iindlela zokusetyenziswa ngokubhekiselele kuhlaza olukhulu, ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Xa kuphehlelelwa iimveliso zefriji yomgangatho ophezulu wamandla, abathengi ngokuthe ngcembe bakhulisa ulwazi lwabo ngokhuseleko lwendalo esingqongileyo kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla ngexesha lenkqubo yokhetho, ngaloo ndlela beqhuba yonke imarike yabathengi ukuba ilungelelaniswe neengqikelelo zokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni.
Ushishino lwesikhenkcisi sokusingqongileyo ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwehlabathi nakurhwebo. Phantsi kwemvelaphi yokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni, imigangatho yamazwe ekonga amandla kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yokusingqongileyo isoloko iphuculwa, nto leyo engazisi nje uxinzelelo kubuchule obutsha kunye nokuphuculwa kwemizi-mveliso kwishishini lefriji kodwa idala namathuba amatsha emarike. Umzekelo, uhlaziyo lwelebhile yokuphumelela kwamandla e-EU kunye nemigangatho emitsha yelizwe laseTshayina ikhuthaze amashishini ukuba andise utyalo-mali kuphando lweteknoloji yokonga amandla kunye nophuhliso, ukutyhalela iimveliso kumanqanaba aphezulu okusebenzisa amandla.
I-NW iqaphela ukuba ukwakhiwa ngokutsha kwetsheyini lemizi-mveliso yekhabhathi ebonisa kwikhabhathi yelizwe jikelele, kunye noyilo lwelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza kubuchwephesha besikhenkcezisi somgangatho ophezulu, amashishini ayatyhoboza ngokusungula ubugcisa kunye nonikezelo lwasekhaya lwesixokelelwano. Olu nxibelelwano kwimidlalo yoqoqosho lwehlabathi lunefuthe kwindlela yophuhliso lwamakhonkco emveliso yeziselo ezibandayo kumazwe ahlukeneyo kunye nepateni yorhwebo lwehlabathi, ibaluleke kakhulu ekuphumezeni uphuhliso loqoqosho oluzinzileyo phantsi kweenjongo zokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni yehlabathi.
I. Uphuculo loMgangatho wokuSebenza koMbane: Injini yoTshintsho oluHlaza yoShishino lwesikhenkcisi
Njengezixhobo eziyimfuneko ezisebenzisa amandla aphezulu kwikhaya lehlabathi kunye neemeko zorhwebo, inqanaba lokusebenzisa amandla ezikhenkcezisi lichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni yehlabathi. Impembelelo yohlaziyo lwelebhile yokuphumelela kwamandla e-EU ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngo-2021, i-EU yahlengahlengisa amanqanaba okusebenza kwamandla eefriji ukusuka ku-A+++ ukuya kwi-AG, ifuna ukuba amashishini achaze ngokutsha iziseko zokongelo lwamandla kwimveliso. Umzekelo, umgangatho omtsha we-A-grade unciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla nge-30% xa kuthelekiswa nomgangatho omdala, okukhokelela kwi-90% yeemveliso ezikhoyo kwimarike zithotywe ukuya kumabakala B okanye C. Olu hlaziyo lunyanzelise amashishini ukuba akhawulezise ukuphindaphindwa kwezobuchwepheshe. Ngokomzekelo, iifriji ze-Haier ziphucule ukusebenza kwazo kwamandla ukuya kwibakala le-A++ ngokusebenzisa i-compressor frequency frequency kunye ne-CO₂ iteknoloji yesikhenkcisi, ukungena ngempumelelo kwimarike yaseYurophu.
Ngo-2025, i-China iya kuphucula imigangatho yayo yokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kwisikhenkcisi ukuya kumanqanaba aphambili kumazwe ngamazwe, ifuna uphuculo lwe-20% kwi-coefficient of performance (COP) ye-self-condensing unit units freezers. Lo mgaqo-nkqubo uye waqhuba amashishini eefriji zaseTshayina ukuba akhawulezise ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe. Umzekelo, i-Dongbei Group's iphuhliswe ngokuzimeleyo kwisizukulwana se-6 sokuguquguquka kokuphindaphinda kwecompressor inexabiso le-COP le-2.18, uphuculo lwe-15% ngaphezulu komndilili woshishino, kwaye ifumene ugunyaziso lwelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza eYurophu nase-United States.
II. Ukuphindaphinda kweTekhnoloji: Ukuphumelela okuBabini kwi-Frequency eguquguqukayo kunye nolwelo olusebenzayo lweNdalo
Itekhnoloji yeCompressor eguquguqukayo ingundoqo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kwiifriji kunye nezinye izixhobo. Iicompressor zesiqhelo ezisisigxina zineenguqu ezinkulu zokusetyenziswa kwamandla, ngelixa itekhnoloji eguquguqukayo yamaza ombane inciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla efriji ngama-30% -40% ngokulungelelanisa isantya semoto. Umzekelo, izikhenkcisi ze-NENWELL zisebenzisa itekhnoloji epheleleyo ye-DC variable frequency, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwansuku zonke ukuya kwi-0.38 kWh, i-50% yokonga amandla xa kuthelekiswa neemveliso zemveli. Ngokusebenzisa itekhnoloji "eyahlukanisiweyo yokukhupha i-exhaust silencer cavity", ingxolo yecompressor iyancipha ukuya kwi-38 decibels ngelixa iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla.
III. Izithintelo zeTekhnoloji kunye noLwakhiwo ngokutsha lweChayini yoShishino lweHlabathi
Amazwe aphuhlileyo alawula itekhnoloji yodidi oluphezulu lwesikhenkcisi ngokusebenzisa iipatent layouts. UDanfoss waseDenmark uphethe amalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza ngaphezulu kwe-2,000 kumhlaba wecompressor, egubungela itekhnoloji ephambili efana nolawulo oluguquguqukayo lwamaza kunye noyilo lwenkqubo ye-CO₂. I-Bosch yaseJamani ilawula iinkqubo zemveliso yezinto eziphezulu zokufakelwa kwe-thermal. Ezi zithintelo zobuchwepheshe zenza kube nzima kumashishini elizwe asakhulayo ukungena kwiimarike eziphezulu. Ngokomzekelo, ukuthengiswa kwempahla ebandayo kumazwe aseAfrika kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zaseYurophu, ixabiso eliphindwe kabini kunabalingane baseTshayina.
I-NENWELL, njengenkwenkwezi ekhulayo kwishishini lefriji, yakha ukhuphiswano ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zobuchwepheshe:
- IMatrix yeMveliso: Igubungela uluhlu olupheleleyo lwezikhenkcisi ezithe nkqo (50-500L) kunye nezikhenkcisi ezithe tye (100-1000L). Izikhenkcisi ezithe nkqo zorhwebo zamkela uyilo “lokujikelezwa kabini kweendawo ezintathu zobushushu”, ezivumela ukusebenza ngaxeshanye kwe-18°C umkhenkce, 0-5°C ifriji, kunye nokugcinwa okutsha kwe-10-15°C, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zogcino ezicandiweyo kwiivenkile ezinkulu, imveliso entsha, kunye nezithako zokutya.
- I-Core Technology: Ixhotyiswe nge-self-developed "X-Tech variable frequency engine," usebenzisa i-algorithms yokulawula i-vector kunye nezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezisisigxina zemagnethi, kunye ne-coefficient of performance (COP) efikelela kwi-3.0, i-25% yokuphucula ngaphezu komyinge weshishini. Iyahambelana ne-CO₂ iinkqubo zefriji ze-transcritical, kunye ne-global warming potential (GWP) ye-1 kuphela.
- Ukusebenza kweMarike: Ngo-2024, izikhenkcisi ze-NENWELL zabamba i-12% yesabelo semakethi kuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia, kunye ne-38% yokukhula konyaka ngonyaka kwimarike yaseYurophu. Phakathi kwazo, i500L ethe tyaba yesikhenkcisi eneenkqubo ezikrelekrele zokulawula ubushushu ibalelwa ngaphezulu kwe-7% yesabelo semarike yentengiso yokutya yaseJamani, ibe lishishini lokuqala laseTshayina elisakhulayo ukungena kwiibrendi ezili-10 eziphezulu zaseYurophu kwiintengiso.
Iqela le-Dongbei lityale izigidi ezingama-30 zeeyuan kwi-R&D ye-ultra-low-low compressors, igqobhoze ngempumelelo kwi- -86 °C yetekhnoloji yesikhenkcezisi ukuze ithathe indawo yeemveliso ezivela kumazwe angaphandle. Izikhenkcezisi zeHaier ziseke iziseko zemveliso e-Egypt, eTurkey, nakwezinye iindawo ngesicwangciso-qhinga sehlabathi jikelele “sobuthathu,” ukuphumeza i-R&D yasekhaya kunye nokuvelisa ukunqanda imiqobo yorhwebo. Ngo-2024, umthamo wokuthumela isikhenkcisi sase-China ufikelele kwi-24.112 yezigidi zeeyunithi, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka ngama-24.3%, okubalelwa kwi-55% yesabelo semarike yehlabathi.
IV. Imidlalo yoQoqosho yeHlabathi: IXabiso lobuChule leZikhenkcisi eziHlaza
Imigaqo-nkqubo yorhwebo kunye nemigangatho yobugcisa ibe ngamabala amatsha edabi lokhuphiswano olukhulu lwamandla. UMthetho wokuNcitshiswa kwexabiso lokunyuka kwamaxabiso e-US ubonelela ngetyala lama-30% erhafu kwimveliso yasekhaya yesikhenkcisi, ngelixa i-EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) ifuna izikhenkcisi ezirhweba kumazwe angaphandle ukuba zibhengeze imjikelo yazo epheleleyo yekhabhoni. Amanye amashishini aphendula ngeentambo zokubonelela okuluhlaza, njengokusebenzisa insimbi eluhlaza (i-low-carbon steel) kunye neeplastiki ezisetyenzisiweyo, ukunciphisa imveliso yekhabhoni yemveliso ngama-40% kunye nokupasa i-SBTi yesayensi ye-carbon target validation.
Ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweTekhnoloji kunye nokumisela umgangatho zizicwangciso zexesha elide kumashishini ehlabathi. Iqela le-Dongbei lifake isicelo samalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza ezifana “nezithulisi zokuphefumla emoyeni” eYurophu nase-United States kwaye lithathe inxaxheba kuphuhliso lomgangatho wehlabathi. Umgangatho we-CO₂ weteknoloji yefriji ekhokelwa yi-Haier freezers ifakwe kwiphepha elimhlophe le-International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR). La manyathelo awanyusi nje ilizwi lamashishini kodwa akwabonelela ngezisombululo zenguqu eluhlaza kushishino lwesikhenkcisi sehlabathi.
V. IiNdlela zekamva: ukuDityaniswa kweTekhnoloji kunye noQoqosho lweSetyhula
Ukudityaniswa okunzulu kobuchwephesha obukrelekrele kunye neekhabhinethi ezikhawulezayo zokukhenkceza ziya kulungisa iipatheni zeshishini. Izinzwa ze-IoT zinokubeka iliso ngexesha lokwenyani ukusetyenziswa kwamandla efriji, kwaye i-algorithms ye-AI inokwandisa imijikelo yefriji, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla nge-10 eyongezelelweyo. Umzekelo, umsebenzi weMidea freezers '"ukulawula ubushushu obukrelekrele" uhlengahlengisa amandla efriji ngokufunda imikhwa yabasebenzisi.
Uphinda-phindo lwethekhnoloji kunye nokwakhiwa ngokutsha kwekhonkco lemizi-mveliso kushishino lwesikhenkcisi lumele imicrocosm yenguqu yoqoqosho lwehlabathi ukuya kuphuhliso lohlaza kunye nekhabhoni ephantsi. Kwixesha elizayo, ukhuphiswano kushishino lwesikhenkcisi luya kugxila ekusungulweni kweteknoloji, ukusetwa okusemgangathweni, kunye noqoqosho olusetyhula, olungakhathaleli kuphela ukusinda kwamashishini kodwa kunye nokufezekiswa kweenjongo zokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni yehlabathi. Izikhenkcezisi, ezibonakala ngathi zizixhobo zasekhaya eziqhelekileyo, ziba ngamabala amatsha edabi kwimidlalo yoqoqosho lwehlabathi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-23-2025 Ukujongwa: