Litlhaloso tsa ho paka tsa lik'habote tsa lik'habote tsa khoebo tsa ponts'o li theha motheo oa ho bala thepa ea machaba. Har'a mefuta e tloaelehileng ea tsamaiso ea lefats'e, lik'habote tse nyenyane tsa lik'homphieutha (bolelele ba limithara tse 0.8-1) li na le bophahamo ba li-cubic metres tse ka bang 0.8-1.2 le boima ba 60-90 kg; mefuta e mahareng (1-1.5 limithara) na le bophahamo ba modumo ea 1.2-1.8 cubic metres le boima ba 'mele ea 90-150 lik'hilograma; mefuta e meholo ea tloaelo (ho feta 1.5 metres) hangata e feta 2 cubic metres ka bophahamo mme e ka ba boima bo fetang 200 kg.
Litabeng tsa machaba, thepa ea leoatleng e baloa ka "cubic metres", ha thepa ea moea e baloa ho latela boleng bo phahameng pakeng tsa "kilogram" kapa "boima ba dimensional" (bolelele × bophara × bophahamo ÷ 5000, le lifofane tse ling tse sebelisang 6000). Ha re nka mohlala oa khabinete ea likuku e boholo bo mahareng e bolelele ba limithara tse 1,2, boima ba eona bo boholo ke 300 kg (1.5 cubic metres × 200). Haeba e romelloa ka sefofane ho tloha Chaena ho ea Europe, thepa ea motheo e ka bang $ 3-5 ka kg, e leng se etsang hore ho be le thepa ea sefofane feela ho tloha ho $ 900-1500; ka leoatle ($ 20-40 ka cubic meter), thepa ea motheo ke $ 30-60 feela, empa potoloho ea lipalangoang ke nako e telele ho feta matsatsi a 30-45.
Ho phaella moo, litlhoko tse nepahetseng tsa thepa li eketsa litšenyehelo tse eketsehileng.Ka lebaka la li-compressor tse hahelletsoeng kahare le likhalase tse futhumetseng, lipalangoang tsa machabeng li tlameha ho latela litekanyetso tsa ho paka tsa ISTA 3A. Litsenyehelo tsa li-crate tsa lehong tse thibelang ho sekama li ka ba $50-100 ka unit, e fetang hole litšenyehelo tsa ho paka habonolo bakeng sa lipalangoang tsa lapeng. Linaha tse ling (tse kang Australia le New Zealand) le tsona li hloka lisebelisoa hore li felehetsoe ke setifikeiti sa ho tsuba, ka litefiso tse ka bang $30-50 beche ka 'ngoe.
2. Phapang ea Litšenyehelo le Maemo a Sebetsang a Mekhoa ea Lipalangoang ea Cross-border
Khoebong ea lefats'e, khetho ea mokhoa oa lipalangoang e khetha ka kotloloho litšenyehelo tsa thepa, ka phapang ea litšenyehelo lipakeng tsa mekhoa e fapaneng e fihlang makhetlo a fetang 10:
- Thepa ea leoatle: E loketse lipalangoang tse ngata (li-unit tse 10 kapa ho feta). Setshelo se tletseng (setshelo sa maoto a 20 se ka tšoara lik'habote tse mahareng tsa 20-30) ho tloha Asia ho ea likoung tse kholo tsa Europe (Rotterdam, Hamburg) li bitsa chelete e ka bang $1500-3000, e abetsoeng yuniti e le 'ngoe ke $50-150 feela; LCL (Less than Container Load) e baloa ka li-cubic metres, 'me Asia ho ea Lebopong le ka Bophirima la Amerika Leboea ka chelete e ka bang $30-50 ka cubic meter e le 'ngoe, e hlahisang thepa e le 'ngoe ea boholo bo mahareng e ka bang $45-90, empa ka litefiso tse eketsehileng tsa ho pakela (hoo e ka bang $20-30 ka yuniti).
- Thepa ka sefofane: E loketse liodara tse potlakileng. Thepa ea lifofane ho tloha Asia ho ea Amerika Leboea e ka ba $4-8 ka k'hilograma, e nang le khabinete e le 'ngoe ea boholo bo mahareng (300 kg dimensional weight) e bitsa $1200-2400, 20-30 makhetlo a fetang a thepa ea leoatleng; thepa ea lifofane ka har'a Europe (mohlala, Jeremane ho ea Fora) e tlase, hoo e ka bang $2-3 ka kg, 'me litšenyehelo tsa unit e le 'ngoe li theohela ho $600-900.
- Lipalangoang tsa naha: E fumaneha feela linaheng tsa boahelani, joalo ka ka hare ho EU ho tloha Spain ho ea Poland. Lipalangoang tsa fatše专线 li bitsa chelete e ka bang $ 1.5-2 km ka 'ngoe, leeto la lik'hilomithara tse 1000 le bitsa $150-200 ka yuniti, ka nako ea matsatsi a 3-5 le litšenyehelo lipakeng tsa thepa ea leoatle le sefofane.
Ho bohlokoa ho ela hloko hore thepa ea machaba ha e kenyelle litefiso tsa tumello ea lekhetho. Mohlala, United States, lik'habote tsa likuku tsa khoebo tse tsoang kantle ho naha li na le tefiso ea 2.5% -5% (HTS code 841869), hammoho le litefiso tsa moemeli oa lekhetho (hoo e ka bang $100-200 ka thomello), e eketsang theko ea 'nete e fihletsoeng ka 10% -15%.
3. Tšusumetso ea Maqhubu a Lebatooa a Litsamaiso mabapi le thepa ea thepa
Ho se leka-lekane ha marang-rang a thepa ea lefats'e ho lebisa phapanong e kholo ea litšenyehelo tsa phepelo ea phepelo libakeng tsohle:
Limmaraka tse holileng Europe le Amerika: Ka lisebelisoa tsa thepa tse ntlafalitsoeng hantle, litšenyehelo tsa kabo ho tloha likoung ho ea mabenkeleng li tlase. US, ho tloha Port of Los Angeles ho ea toropong ea Chicago, tefiso ea lipalangoang tsa mobu bakeng sa khabinete e le 'ngoe ea boholo bo bohareng e ka bang $80-150; Europe, ho tloha Port of Hamburg ho ea toropong ea Munich, ke hoo e ka bang € 50-100 (e lekanang le $ 60-120), e nang le khetho ea ho fana ka thepa e hlophisitsoeng (e hlokang chelete e eketsehileng ea $ 20-30).
Limmaraka tse ntseng li hlaha: Litšenyehelo tsa ho qetela li phahame. Asia Boroa-bochabela (mohlala, Jakarta, Indonesia), tefiso ea ho tsamaisa ho tloha boema-kepe ho ea motseng ke hoo e ka bang $ 100-200 ka yuniti, ka litefiso tse eketsehileng tse kang litefiso le litefiso tsa ho kena; ka lipalangoang ka hare ho naha ho tloha Port of Lagos, Nigeria, ka lebaka la maemo a mabe tseleng, e le 'ngoe yuniti thepa ka fihla $200-300, accounting bakeng sa 30% -50% ea koung CIF theko.
Libaka tse hole: Li-transshipments tse ngata li lebisa litšenyehelong tse imenneng habeli. Linaha tse kang Paraguay Amerika Boroa le Malawi naheng ea Afrika li hloka hore thepa e fetisetsoe likoung tsa boahelani, ka kakaretso ea thepa bakeng sa khabinete e le 'ngoe ea boholo bo mahareng (ho kenyeletsoa le transshipment) e fihlang ho $800-1500, e fetang hole theko ea thepa ka boeona.
4. Maano a ho Laola Litšenyehelo tsa Litšenyehelo ho Global Sourcing
Khoebong ea machaba, moralo o utloahalang oa likhokahano tsa thepa e ka fokotsa ka katleho karolo ea litšenyehelo tsa thepa:
Lipalangoang tse bohareng: Liodara tsa likarolo tse 10 kapa ho feta tse sebelisang thepa e felletseng ea leoatleng li ka boloka 30% -40% ha e bapisoa le LCL. Ka mohlala, ho romelloa ho tloha Chaena ho ea Brazil, sejana se tletseng maoto a 20 se bitsa chelete e ka bang $ 4000 (e khonang ho tšoara li-unit tsa 25), ka kabelo ea yuniti ea $ 160; Ho romelloa ka lihlopha tse 10 tse arohaneng tsa LCL ho tla fella ka thepa e fetang $300 ka yuniti ka 'ngoe.
Sebopeho sa libaka tsa polokelo: Ho hira libaka tsa polokelo tsa mose ho maoatle limmarakeng tsa bohlokoa tse kang Amerika Leboea le Europe, ho sebelisa "sets'oants'o se felletseng sa thepa ea leoatleng + kabo ea thepa ea kantle ho naha", ho ka fokotsa litšenyehelo tse le 'ngoe tsa ho tsamaisa thepa ho tloha ho $150 yuniti ho isa ho $50-80. Ka mohlala,Amazon FBALibaka tsa Europe tsa polokelo li tšehetsa polokelo ea lisebelisoa tse batang, ka rente ea khoeli le khoeli ea hoo e ka bang $ 10-15 yuniti ka 'ngoe, e tlase haholo ho feta litšenyehelo tsa thomello e ngata ea machabeng.
5. Reference for Global Market Freight Ranges
Ho ipapisitsoe le maemo a machaba a thepa, thepa ea lefats'e bakeng sa lik'habote tsa likuku tsa khoebo e ka akaretsoa ka mekhahlelo e latelang (tsohle bakeng sa likhabinete tse boholo bo mahareng, ho kenyeletsoa thepa ea mantlha + tumello ea lekhetho + ho tsamaisa thepa):
- Khoebo ea ka hare ho libaka (mohlala, ka hare ho EU, ka hare ho Amerika Leboea): $ 150-300;
- Lipalangoang tse haufi le leoatle tsa Intercontinental (Asia ho ea Asia Boroa-bochabela, Europe ho ea Afrika Leboea): $300-600;
- Lipalangoang tsa leoatle tsa Intercontinental (Asia ho ea Amerika Leboea, Europe ho ea Amerika Boroa): $ 600-1200;
- Libaka tse ka thōko (ka hare ho naha ea Afrika, linaha tse nyenyane tsa Amerika Boroa): $ 1200-2000.
Ho feta moo, litšenyehelo tse eketsehileng nakong ea linako tse khethehileng li hloka tlhokomelo: bakeng sa keketseho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea 10% ea theko ea mafura, litšenyehelo tsa thepa ea leoatleng li nyoloha ka 5% -8%; litsela tse khelohileng tse bakoang ke likhohlano tsa lipolotiki (tse kang koluoa ea Leoatle le Lefubelu) li ka eketsa litekanyetso tsa thepa habeli litseleng tsa Asia-Europe, tsa eketsa litšenyehelo tsa yuniti e le 'ngoe ka $300-500.
Nako ea poso: Sep-10-2025 Maikutlo: