Kubva pakuwanikwa kweOzone Hole kuenda kuMontreal Protocol

 

 

 

Kuwanikwa kweAntarctic Ozone Hole

Ozone layer inodzivirira vanhu uye nharaunda kubva kumazinga anokuvadza emwaranzi yeultraviolet kubva kuzuva. Makemikari anonzi ozone depleting substances (ODS) akabudiswa kumhepo isingadzoreki kare; Makemikari iwayo anokuvadza stratospheric ozone layer. Muna May 1985, vachishuma mumagazini inonzi Nature British Antarctic Survey (BAS) masayendisiti Joe Farman, Brian Gardiner naJonathan Shanklin vakarondedzera kucherechedza kwavo kurasikirwa kukuru kweozone muAntarctica. Kuwanikwa kwegomba reAntarctic ozone neBAS kwakapa yambiro yekutanga yekutetepa kungangove nengozi kweozone layer pasi rese.

Vienna Kokorodzano, Usher kuMontreal Protocol

Sezvo tekinoroji yakafambira mberi, zvidzidzo zvesainzi zvakaratidza dambudziko riri kubuda uye nemhedzisiro yaro yekuderera kweozone. Zviito zviri kunzi makore akareba. Muna 1985, Vienna Convention yeDziviriro yeOzone Layer yakagadzirwa mukupindura. Chibvumirano cheVienna ndicho chaive gungano rekutanga remhando ipi neipi kusainwa nenyika dzese dzakabatanidzwa, richitanga muna 1988 uye kusvika pakugadzwa kwepasi rose muna 2009.
Chibvumirano ichi chine chinangwa chekusimudzira kushandira pamwe pakati penyika kuburikidza nekupanana ruzivo pamusoro pemigumisiro yemabasa evanhu pa ozone layer. Asi nekuda kwekuti gungano harisungiri zviri pamutemo, gungano reVienna haridi kuti nyika dzitore matanho ekudzivirira iyo ozone layer. Montreal protocol yakapinda muna 1987 kugadzirisa nyaya iyi.

Chii chinonzi Montreal Protocol?

The Montreal Protocol yakasainwa muna 1987 uye yakatanga kushanda muna 1989. Pakutanga yakasainwa nenyika 46, chibvumirano chacho zvino chave nevanoda kusvika 200 vakasaina. Chibvumirano cheMontreal pamusoro peZvinhu Zvinopedza Ozone Layer chibvumirano chepasi rose chekuchengetedza ozone layer yePasi kuburikidza nekubvisa makemikari anoipedza. Montreal Protocol chibvumirano chepasirese chinogadzirisa kugadzirwa uye kudyiwa kwekemikari dzinosvika zana dzakagadzirwa nevanhu dzinonzi ozone depleting substances (ODS).

Chii chinonzi Montreal Protocol?

The Montreal Protocol inodzikisira kudyiwa nekugadzirwa kweODS dzakasiyana nenzira yehungwaru, iine matimetable akasiyana enyika dzakasimukira nedziri kusimukira (zvinonzi "Nyika 5"). Pasi pechibvumirano ichi, mapato ese ane chekuita nechikamu chekubuda kwemapoka akasiyana eODS, kutonga kwekutengeserana kweODS, kushuma kwegore negore kwedata, masisitimu ekupa marezenisi enyika kudzora kupinza kweODS kunze kwenyika, nezvimwe zvinhu. Nyika dzichiri kusimukira nedziri kusimukira dzine mabasa akaenzana asi akapatsanurwa, asi zvinonyanya kukosha, mapoka ese enyika ane zvisungo zvinosunga, zvinotariswa nenguva uye zvinoyerwa.

Zvinhu zvinodzorwa pasi peMontreal Protocol

Annexes A (CFCs, haloni)
Annexes B (mamwe maCFC ane halogenated zvizere, kabhoni tetrachloride, methyl chloroform)
Annexes C (HCFCs)
Annexes E (methyl bromide)
Zvinyorwa F (HFCs)

Montreal Protocol Inotsigirwa neOzone Secretariat yeUN Environment Program

Chibvumirano ichi chinoshanduka nekufamba kwenguva tichitarisa kutsva kwesainzi, tekinoroji uye zvehupfumi, uye inoramba ichigadziridzwa nekugadziriswa. Musangano Wemapato ndiro dare rinotonga chibvumirano, nerutsigiro rwehunyanzvi rwunopihwa neOpen-ended Working Group, ose anosangana pagore. Mapato aya anobatsirwa neOzone Secretariat, iyo iri pamuzinda weUN Environment Programme muNairobi, Kenya.