Site na nchọpụta nke Ozone Hole na Montreal Protocol

 

 

 

Nchọpụta nke Antarctic Ozone Hole

Ozone oyi akwa na-echebe ụmụ mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi pụọ n'ọkwa dị njọ nke radieshon ultraviolet sitere na anyanwụ. Chemicals ndị a na-akpọ ozone depleting bends (ODS) ewepụtara na ikuku na-achịkwaghị achịkwa tupu mgbe ahụ; Chemical ndị ahụ na-emebi oyi akwa ozone stratospheric. Na May 1985, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị bụ́ Joe Farman, Brian Gardiner na Jonathan Shanklin, bụ́ ndị na-akọ akụkọ n’akwụkwọ akụkọ bụ́ Nature British Antarctic Survey (BAS), kọwara otú ha si hụta nnukwu mfu nke ozone n’ofe Antarctica. Nchọpụta nke oghere ozone Antarctic site na BAS nyere ịdọ aka ná ntị mbụ maka mwepu ozone nwere ike ịdị ize ndụ n'ụwa nile.

Mgbakọ Vienna, ihe nnabata Montreal Protocol

Ka teknụzụ na-aga n'ihu, nchọpụta sayensị rụtụrụ aka na nsogbu na-apụta na mmetụta ya nke mbelata ozone. A na-akpọ ihe omume ogologo afọ. Na 1985, e mepụtara Mgbakọ Vienna maka Nchekwa Ozone Layer na nzaghachi. Mgbakọ Vienna bụ mgbakọ mbụ n'ụdị ọ bụla nke mba ọ bụla metụtara bịanyere aka na ya, na-amalite na 1988 wee rute nkwado zuru ụwa ọnụ na 2009.
Mgbakọ ahụ bu n'obi ịkwalite imekọ ihe ọnụ n'etiti mba dị iche iche site n'ịgbanwe ozi gbasara mmetụta ọrụ mmadụ na-enwe na oyi akwa ozone. Mana n'ihi na mgbakọ ahụ ejighị iwu kwadoro, mgbakọ Vienna achọghị ka mba dị iche iche mee ihe nchịkwa iji chebe oyi akwa ozone. Ụkpụrụ Montreal kwadoro na 1987 iji dozie okwu a.

Kedu ihe bụ Protocol Montreal?

A bịanyere aka na Protocol Montreal na 1987 wee banye n'ọrụ na 1989. Mba 46 bịanyere aka na ya na mbụ, nkwekọrịta ahụ nwere ugbu a ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị 200 bịanyere aka na ya. The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer bụ nkwekọrịta zuru ụwa ọnụ iji chebe oyi akwa ozone nke Ụwa site n'iwepụ kemịkalụ na-agwụcha ya. Montreal Protocol bụ nkwekọrịta zuru ụwa ọnụ nke na-achịkwa mmepụta na oriri nke ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 100 kemịkal mmadụ mere nke a na-akpọ ozone depleting bends (ODS).

Kedu ihe Montreal Protocol na-ekwu?

Usoro Montreal Protocol na-agbada oriri na mmepụta nke ODS dị iche iche n'ụzọ amamihe dị na ya, na usoro nhazi oge dị iche iche maka mba ndị mepere emepe na mba ndị na-emepe emepe (nke a na-akpọ "Akụkụ 5 mba"). N'okpuru nkwekọrịta a, akụkụ niile nwere ọrụ dị iche iche metụtara nkwụsị nke otu dị iche iche nke ODS, njikwa ahịa ODS, mkpesa nke data kwa afọ, usoro ikike nke mba iji chịkwaa mbubata na mbupụ ODS, na ihe ndị ọzọ. Mba ndị na-emepe emepe na ndị mepere emepe nwere ọrụ ha nhata mana dị iche iche, mana nke kachasị mkpa bụ na otu mba abụọ ahụ nwere nkwa ejikọta ọnụ, nke ezubere iche na oge.

Ihe na-achịkwa n'okpuru Montreal Protocol

Ihe mgbakwunye A (CFCs, halons)
Annexes B (CFC ndị ọzọ nwere halogenated zuru oke, carbon tetrachloride, methyl chloroform)
Ihe mgbakwunye C (HCFCs)
Annex E (methyl bromide)
Mgbakwunye F (HFCs)

Ozone Secretariat nke UN Environment Programme na-akwado Montreal Protocol

Nkwekọrịta ahụ na-agbanwe ka oge na-aga n'ihi mmepe sayensị, teknụzụ na akụ na ụba ọhụrụ, ọ na-aga n'ihu na-emezigharị ma gbanwee ya. Nzukọ nke ndị otu ahụ bụ òtù nchịkwa maka nkwekọrịta ahụ, yana nkwado ọrụ aka nke otu ndị na-arụ ọrụ mepere emepe na-enye, ha abụọ na-ezukọ kwa afọ. Ọ bụ Ozone Secretariat na-enyere ndị otu a aka, nke hiwere isi n'isi ụlọ ọrụ UN Environment Programme dị na Nairobi, Kenya.