Mai ka ʻike ʻana o ka Ozone Hole a hiki i Montreal Protocol

 

 

 

ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o Antarctic Ozone Hole

Mālama ʻo Ozone layer i ke kanaka a me ke kaiapuni mai nā pae pōʻino o ka radiation ultraviolet mai ka lā. ʻO nā mea kemika i kapa ʻia he mau mea hoʻoheheʻe ozone (ODS) i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka lewa me ka mālama ʻole ʻia ma mua; Hoʻopilikia kēlā mau kemika i ka papa ozone stratospheric. Ma Mei 1985, hōʻike ʻia ma ka puke pai Nature British Antarctic Survey (BAS) ʻepekema ʻo Joe Farman, Brian Gardiner a me Jonathan Shanklin i wehewehe i kā lākou nānā ʻana i nā poho nui o ka ozone ma luna o Antarctica. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka puka ozone Antarctic e BAS i hōʻike mua ʻia i ka hiki ʻana o ka pōʻino o ka ʻili o ka ozone ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.

ʻO Vienna Convention, kahi mea hoʻopuka i ke kaʻina o Montreal

I ka holomua ʻana o ka ʻenehana, hōʻike nā haʻawina ʻepekema i ka pilikia e kū mai ana a me nā hopena o ka pau ʻana o ka ozone. Ua kapa ʻia nā hana he mau makahiki lōʻihi. I ka makahiki 1985, ua hana ʻia ka Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer i pane. ʻO ka Vienna Convention ka hui mua o kēlā me kēia ʻano i pūlima ʻia e kēlā me kēia ʻāina e pili ana, e hoʻokō ʻia ana i ka makahiki 1988 a hiki i ka ratification honua ma 2009.
Ua manaʻo ka Convention e paipai i ka launa pū ʻana ma waena o nā lāhui ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻike e pili ana i nā hopena o nā hana kanaka ma ka papa ozone. Akā no ka mea ʻaʻole paʻa i ke kānāwai, ʻaʻole koi ʻo Vienna convention i nā ʻāina e hana i nā hana hoʻomalu e pale i ka papa ozone. Ua kū ka protocol Montreal i ka makahiki 1987 e hoʻoponopono i kēia pilikia.

He aha ka Montreal Protocol?

Ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ka Montreal Protocol i ka makahiki 1987 a ua hoʻokomo ʻia i ka mana ma 1989. Ua hoʻopaʻa inoa mua ʻia e nā ʻāina 46, aia ke kuikahi i kēia manawa kokoke i 200 mau mea hōʻailona. ʻO ka Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer kahi ʻaelike honua e pale aku i ka papa ozone o ka Honua ma o ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā kemika e hoʻopau ai. ʻO Montreal Protocol kahi kuʻikahi āpau e hoʻoponopono i ka hana ʻana a me ka ʻai ʻana o kahi kokoke i 100 mau kemika i hana ʻia e ke kanaka i kapa ʻia he ozone depleting substance (ODS).

He aha ka ʻōlelo a Montreal Protocol?

Hoʻopau ka Montreal Protocol i ka hoʻohana ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i nā ODS like ʻole ma ke ʻano heʻe, me nā papa manawa like ʻole no nā ʻāina kūkulu a me nā ʻāina ulu (i kapa ʻia ʻo "Pauku 5 mau ʻāina"). Ma lalo o kēia kuʻikahi, loaʻa i nā ʻaoʻao a pau nā kuleana kikoʻī e pili ana i ka haʻalele ʻana i nā hui like ʻole o ODS, ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ke kālepa ODS, ka hōʻike makahiki o ka ʻikepili, nā ʻōnaehana laikini aupuni e hoʻomalu i ka lawe ʻana mai a me ka hoʻopuka ʻana o ODS, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Loaʻa i nā ʻāina hoʻomohala a me nā ʻāina i kūkulu ʻia nā kuleana like akā ʻokoʻa, akā ʻo ka mea nui loa, ua paʻa nā hui ʻelua o nā ʻāina i nā ʻōlelo paʻa, hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka manawa a me ke ana.

Nā mea i hoʻomaluʻia ma lalo o ka Montreal Protocol

Nā Pākuʻi A (CFC, halon)
Nā Pākuʻi B (nā CFC halogenated piha ʻē aʻe, carbon tetrachloride, methyl chloroform)
Nā Pākuʻi C (HCFC)
Pākuʻi E (methyl bromide)
Nā Pākuʻi F (HFC)

Kākoʻo ʻia ʻo Montreal Protocol e ka Ozone Secretariat o ka UN Environment Program

Ke ulu nei ke kuikahi i ka manawa ma muli o nā hanana ʻepekema hou, ʻenehana a me ka hoʻokele waiwai, a ke hoʻomau nei ka hoʻololi a hoʻoponopono ʻia. ʻO ka hui o nā ʻaoʻao ke kino hoʻomalu no ke kuʻikahi, me ke kākoʻo ʻenehana i hāʻawi ʻia e kahi hui hana Open-ended, a hui lāua ʻelua i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Ua kōkua ʻia nā ʻaoʻao e ka Ozone Secretariat, kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ke keʻena poʻo o ka UN Environment Program ma Nairobi, Kenya.