Daga Gano Ozone Hole zuwa Montreal Protocol

 

 

 

Gano Hoton Ozone Hole na Antarctic

Ozone Layer yana kare mutane da muhalli daga matakan cutarwa na ultraviolet radiation daga rana. Sinadaran da ake magana da su a matsayin abubuwan rage ragewa ozone (ODS) da aka saki zuwa sararin samaniya ba tare da kulawa ba a baya; Wadancan sinadarai suna lalata Layer ozone stratospheric. A watan Mayun 1985, bayar da rahoto a cikin mujallar Nature British Antarctic Survey (BAS) masana kimiyya Joe Farman, Brian Gardiner da Jonathan Shanklin sun bayyana yadda suka lura da babban asarar ozone a kan Antarctica. Gano ramin ozone na Antarctic ta BAS ya ba da gargaɗin farko game da yuwuwar yuwuwar ɓarkewar ruwan lemar sararin samaniya a duniya.

Yarjejeniyar Vienna, Yarjejeniya ta Montreal Protocol

Yayin da fasaha ta ci gaba, binciken kimiyya ya nuna matsalar da ta kunno kai da kuma tasirinta na raguwar ozone. Ana kiran ayyuka tsawon shekaru. A cikin 1985, an ƙirƙiri Yarjejeniyar Vienna don Kariyar Ozone Layer don amsawa. Yarjejeniyar Vienna ita ce yarjejeniya ta farko ta kowace irin wacce kowace kasa da abin ya shafa za ta rattaba hannu, wanda ya fara aiki a shekarar 1988 kuma ya kai ga tabbatar da duniya a shekarar 2009.
Yarjejeniyar dai na da nufin inganta hadin gwiwa tsakanin kasashe ta hanyar yin musayar bayanai kan illolin da ayyukan bil'adama ke yi a sararin samaniyar ozone. Amma saboda yarjejeniyar ba ta dauri bisa doka, yarjejeniyar Vienna ba ta buƙatar ƙasashe su ɗauki matakan kulawa don kare sararin samaniyar ozone. Yarjejeniyar Montreal ta shiga cikin 1987 don magance wannan batu.

Menene Yarjejeniyar Montreal?

An rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar Montreal a shekarar 1987 kuma ta fara aiki a shekarar 1989. Tun da farko kasashe 46 ne suka rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar, yarjejeniyar tana da kusan kasashe 200 da suka sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar. Yarjejeniyar Montreal kan Abubuwan da ke Rage Ozone Layer yarjejeniya ce ta duniya don kare sararin samaniyar ozone ta hanyar kawar da sinadarai da ke rage shi. Ka'idar Montreal yarjejeniya ce ta duniya wacce ke tsara samarwa da amfani da sinadarai kusan 100 da mutum ya kera da ake magana da shi a matsayin abubuwan rage ragewa ozone (ODS).

Me Montreal Protocol ta ce?

Yarjejeniyar Montreal ta rage yawan amfani da samar da ODS daban-daban a cikin hanyar da ta dace, tare da jadawalin lokaci daban-daban don kasashe masu tasowa da masu tasowa (wanda ake kira "Ƙasashe na 5"). Ƙarƙashin wannan yarjejeniya, duk ɓangarorin suna da ƙayyadaddun nauyi da suka shafi ficewar ƙungiyoyin ODS daban-daban, sarrafa kasuwancin ODS, rahoton shekara-shekara na bayanai, tsarin ba da lasisi na ƙasa don sarrafa shigo da ODS da fitarwa, da sauran batutuwa. Kasashe masu tasowa da masu ci gaba suna da nauyi iri daya amma banbance-banbance, amma abu mafi mahimmanci shi ne, dukkanin kungiyoyin kasashen biyu suna da alkawuran da suka dace, da lokaci da kuma aunawa.

Abubuwan da aka sarrafa a ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar Montreal

Annexes A (CFCs, halons)
Annexes B (sauran CFCs cikakke halogenated, carbon tetrachloride, methyl chloroform)
Annexes C (HCFCs)
Annexes E (methyl bromide)
Annexes F (HFCs)

Yarjejeniyar Montreal tana samun goyon bayan Sakatariyar Ozone na Shirin Muhalli na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya

Yarjejeniyar ta samo asali ne a tsawon lokaci bisa la'akari da sabbin ci gaban kimiyya, fasaha da tattalin arziki, kuma ana ci gaba da yin kwaskwarima da gyara ta. Taron jam'iyyu shine hukumar gudanarwar yarjejeniyar, tare da tallafin fasaha daga Ƙungiya mai Ƙarshen Ƙarshe, waɗanda dukansu ke haɗuwa a kowace shekara. Sakatariyar Ozone ce ke taimaka wa bangarorin, wanda ke hedkwatar Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Nairobi, Kenya.